Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an ensemble of various technologies that empowers machines to sense, understand, act, and learn. At present, a significant portion of an average person’s daily activities involves interaction with smart systems, which can be in the form of Internet search engines, biometric facial recognition, or virtual assistants. AI is at the heart of these applications and it is becoming an integral part of modern lifestyle. According to a research conducted by Accenture on 12 developed economies, AI could double annual economic growth rates in 2035 by altering the nature of work and establishing a new relationship between man and machine. A subset of AI is machine learning, which focuses on giving machines or computers the ability to improve themselves over time as a result of experience. A machine learning system is trained rather than explicitly programmed. By providing the system with many examples relevant to a task, it is able to discover statistical structure within the examples which eventually allows it to come up with rules to automate the task. Conversely, deep learning is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on forming abstractions and concepts. Deep learning systems take in huge quantities of data and generalize categories and features related to that data through learning. Even though it only rose to prominence in the beginning of 2010s, deep learning has revolutionized AI with remarkable breakthroughs in all perceptual problems, such as seeing and hearing.
